Table 1 |
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Summary of Previous Rear-Foot FHA and IHA studies (in date order). |
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Talocrural |
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Study |
Study type |
# |
Inclination |
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Cor |
Sag |
Ax |
Rot |
Trans |
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Inman [11] |
Static, cadaver (max PF - DF) |
49 |
82° (SD 3.6°) |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
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Manley [10] |
Static, cadaver (max PF - DF) |
-- |
80° (SD 10°) |
-- |
84° |
-- |
-- |
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|
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Lundberg [16] |
Static,in vivo (max PF - DF) |
8 |
-- |
-- |
-2° (SD 5°) |
-- |
-- |
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|
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van den Bogert [21] |
Model optimization with in vivo data |
14 |
-- |
6.84° |
19.1° |
-- |
-- |
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|
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Arndt [23] |
in vivo, gait (begin-end PF) |
3 |
-- |
7.5° - 33.6° |
56.1° -69.9° |
-- |
-- |
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|
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Pearce [17] |
Static,in vivo (max inv -ev) |
20 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
5.2° (SD 2.2°) |
-- |
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|
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Siegler [15] |
Static,in vivo (neutral to inv) |
7 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
8.4° (SD 5.7°) |
3 mm (SD 2.5 mm) |
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Current |
in vivo, simulated toe-raise |
25 |
84.5° (SD 12.9°) |
22.0° (SD 41.7°) |
105.8° (SD 12.2°) |
31.7° (SD 11.3°) |
-0.5 mm (SD 1.4 mm) |
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Subtalar |
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Manter [13] |
Static cadaver (max PF - DF) |
-- |
-- |
42° (range 29°-47°) |
16 (range 8° -24°) |
-- |
-- |
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|
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Root [9] |
Static, cadaver (max PF - DF) |
22 |
-- |
41° (SD 8.36°) |
17° (SD 2.23°) |
-- |
-- |
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Close [22] |
in vivo, gait |
8 |
17.6° (SD 6.7°) |
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Inman [11] |
Static, cadaver (max PF - DF) |
49 |
-- |
42° (SD 9°) |
23 (SD 11°) |
-- |
-- |
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Manley [10] |
Static, cadaver |
-- |
-- |
41° |
23° |
-- |
-- |
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|
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Lundberg [16] |
Static,in vivo (max PF - DF) |
8 |
-- |
34° (SD 16°) |
32° (SD 16°) |
-- |
-- |
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|
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Pearce [17] |
Static,in vivo (max inv -ev) |
20 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
10.9° (SD 3.3°) |
-- |
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Leardini [12] |
Static, cadaver (max Inv. - Ev) |
6 |
-- |
range 43.5°-60.8° |
range 32.8°-46.5° |
-- |
-- |
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|
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Arndt [23] |
in vivo, gait (begin-end PF) |
2 |
-- |
31.4° - 36.45° |
15.7° -23.5° |
-- |
-- |
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|
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Siegler [15] |
Static,in vivo (neutral to inverted) |
7 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
9° (SD 4°) |
1.9 mm (SD 1.2 mm) |
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Biemers [14] |
Static,in vivo (max PF- DF) |
20 |
-- |
9.5° (SD 46.8°) |
23.6° (SD 30.1°) |
7.3° (SD 6.0) |
1.mm (SD 2.1 mm) |
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Current |
in vivo, simulated toe-raise |
25 |
variable |
variable |
variable |
15.1° (SD 9.7°) |
-0.3 mm (SD 1.4 mm) |
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The abbreviations used are: # - number of subjects or specimens; Cor - coronal plane; Sag - sagittal plane; Ax - axial plane; Rot - rotation about the FHA; Trans - translation along FHA and SD - standard deviation. "Max PF-DF", "max Inv-Ev", and "Neutral to inverted" indicate that the FHA was defined as the change in joint attitude between two poses (extreme PF to extreme DF, extreme Inversion to extreme Eversion, and neutral to extreme inversion respectively). |
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Sheehan Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2010 3:13 doi:10.1186/1757-1146-3-13 |
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