Table 4

Literature selected for review

Study Author

Title

Study Type

Level of Evidence

Shulman et al, 1997 [30]

Developmental implications of idiopathic toe walking

Prospective, descriptive study without control

II

Bernhard and Merkenschlager, 2008 [25]

Beeinflusst Barfußlaufen die Häufigkeit des idiopathischen Zehenspitzengangs? - Unterschiede zwischen deutschen und bangalischen Kindern

(Does the incidence of idiopathic toe walking change with barefoot walking? Differences between German and Bangladeshi children

Cross-sectional study

IV

Montgomery and Gauger, 1978 [14]

Sensory Dysfunction in children that toe walk

Case series

IV

Williams et al. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2010 3:16   doi:10.1186/1757-1146-3-16